Wuhan Biolab experts worked in USA (Uni North Carolina) & Canada
(Winnipeg) and brought that research home to Wuhan
Newsletter published on February 25, 2020
(1) If deliberate, why Italy?
(2) Articles in Nature journal (2015): Engineered bat virus stirs debate
over risky research
(3) Wuhan Biolab experts worked in USA (Uni North Carolina) & Canada
(Winnipeg) and brought that research home to Wuhan
(4) Wuhan Lab ( Prof. Zhengli Shi and Xingyi Ge ) did the genetic
engineering for Ralph Baric at UNC
(5) Prof. Zhengli Shi and Xingyi Ge from WIV, in cooperation with
University of North Carolina
(6) The spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV contains a cleavage absent in
CoV - showing that it was engineered rather than evolved
(7) Asians show a similar ACE2 expression to other races; => Virus will
affect all races
(8) Wuhan Institute of Virology reports 'Discovery of a rich gene pool
of bat SARS-related coronaviruses' (Nov 2017)
(9) Professor Shi Zhengli is Director of the P4 lab at Wuhan Institute
of Virology
(1) If deliberate, why Italy?
From: Ellen Brown <ellenhbrown@gmail.com>
> I think the hit on China, Iran, and Italy
> shows who had the motive.
> I don't think there was anything
> accidental about this bio weapon.
I agree, but why Italy?
Comment (Peter M.): Your point is that it is not race-specific, thus
demolishing the case that it was a deliberate attack by the US. If the
virus spreads worldwide, it will kill people of all races, and wreck the
world economy. I just bought some masks (with washable filters) on eBay.
They are one of the first items to run out. Better stock up and prepare.
(2) Articles in Nature journal (2015): Engineered bat virus stirs debate
over risky research
From: israel shamir <israel.shamir@gmail.com>
Peter, read this https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3985
Reply (Peter M.)
Yes, I linked to that article a couple of days ago.
See my item 'Nature journal (2015): Engineered bat virus stirs debate
over risky research; Lab-made coronavirus related to SARS can infect
human cells'
Engineered bat virus stirs debate over risky research
Lab-made coronavirus related to SARS can infect human cells.
Declan Butler
12 November 2015 ==
The bottom of that item contains a link to the Nature journal you cited.
Also see item 4 below, which says that Wuhan Lab ( Prof. Zhengli Shi and
Xingyi Ge ) did the genetic engineering for Ralph Baric at UNC.
(3) Wuhan Biolab experts worked in USA (Uni North Carolina) & Canada
(Winnipeg) and brought that research home to Wuhan
- by Peter Myers, Feb 26, 2020
The MSM has set its 'factcheckers' to refute 'conspiracy theories'
about the Covid-19 virus. They are suppressing evidence of Chinese
espionage at Western universities.
However, espionage at Harvard University (Charles Lieber and two Chinese
nationals) and Winnipeg NML lab (Xiangguo Qiu) is well attested.
In both cases, there was a connection to Wuhan. Iin Lieber's case, Wuhan
University of Technology; and in Qiu's case, Wuhan Institute of Virology
(WIV).
Zheng-Li Shi and Xing-Yi Ge, leading virologists at Wuhan Institute of
Virology, also worked in the US at the University of North Carolina, and
obtained US Research Grants.
Zheng-Li Shi (also written Zhengli Shi, Shi Zhengli, and Shi Zheng-Li)
is a Professor, and director of WIV's P4 lab. (item 9)
She and Xingyi Ge did the genetic engineering for Ralph Baric at UNC, to
develop a Coronavirus that could infect humans directly without animal
mediation. (items 4 and 5)
The spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV contains a cleavage absent in CoV -
showing that it was engineered rather than evolved. (item 6)
Asians show a similar ACE2 expression to other races; this means that
2019-nCoV will affect all races (item 7). Deliberate release is
therefore unlikely, because it will spread worldwide.
In Nov 2017, Wuhan Institute of Virology reported 'Discovery of a rich
gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses'. Zheng-Li Shi is listed in
that article as having the role of "Project administration,
Supervision". (item 8)
Zheng-Li Shi (Shi Zhengli) is a Professor, and Director of the P4 lab at
Wuhan Institute of Virology. (item 9)
Scientists from other countries were also involved in the research at
Uni North Carolina, and the same would apply to Harvard and Winnipeg.
But only Chinese have been implicated in smuggling genetic material to
China (in the Harvard & Winnipeg cases).
Only Chinese have obtained Resaearch Grants in the USA, and used that
money to promote research in China.
This is a big issue for our Universities, which are hotbeds of
Multiculturalism. They have welcomed these Chinese scientists as
migrants, and given them full rights, only to have China claim them back
via its Thousand Talents Program. China regards all Chinese overeas as
Chinese citizens.
Now the Universities are endangering public safety by pressing
governments to allow fee-paying students from China to return, despite
the risk to the local population.
(4) Wuhan Lab ( Prof. Zhengli Shi and Xingyi Ge ) did the genetic
engineering for Ralph Baric at UNC
Wuhan Lab did the genetic engineering for Baric (publicplace)
by Ugly Bag of Mostly Water,
Sunday, January 26, 2020, 13:36 (30 days ago)
Actual website of the Wuhan Institute of Virology (the bioweapons lab)
confirming two of their scientists are the ones that did the genetic
engineering for Ralph Baric of the SARS virus to make it hyper dangerous
to humans (engineered a bioweapon)
Recently, Prof. Zhengli Shi and Xingyi Ge from WIV, in cooperation with
researchers from University of North Carolina, Harvard Medical School,
Bellinzona Institute of Microbiology and etc, examine the disease
potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently
circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations. Using the SARS-CoV
reverse genetics system, the scientists generated and characterized a
chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a
mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b
viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can
efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human
angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in
primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to
epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Evaluation of available SARS-based
immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy;
both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and
protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein.
On the basis of these findings, they synthetically re-derived an
infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust
viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. The work suggests a
potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently
circulating in bat populations.
Here's Baric's paper showing their names:
SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronavirus pose threat for human
emergence
Vineet D. Menachery,1 Boyd L. Yount, Jr,1 Kari Debbink,1,2 Sudhakar
Agnihothram,3 Lisa E. Gralinski,1 Jessica A. Plante,1 Rachel L. Graham,1
Trevor Scobey,1 Xing-Yi Ge,8 Eric F. Donaldson,1 Scott H. Randell,4,5
Antonio Lanzavecchia,6 Wayne A. Marasco,7 Zhengli-Li Shi,8 and Ralph S.
Baric1,2
8 Zhengli-Li Shi - Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
8 Xing-Yi Ge - Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan
Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
This PROVES - with highly credible references - that the Wuhan lab has
actively and successfully genetically engineered and tested SARS
contagions specifically designed to create global pandemics capable of
wiping out much of the human species.
Comment (Peter M.): I disavow that last sentence, where intent is
expressed. I doubt that these scientists had any harmful intent. But
they knew that they were playing with fire. Other virologists had
sounded the alarm over what they were doing.
The Nature article referenced in item 2 above, 'Engineered bat virus
stirs debate over risky research', referring to engineering in which
Zhengli Shi and Xingyi Ge were involved, reports:
'Simon Wain-Hobson, a virologist at the Pasteur Institute in Paris,
points out that the researchers have created a novel virus that "grows
remarkably well" in human cells. "If the virus escaped, nobody could
predict the trajectory," he says.'
(5) Prof. Zhengli Shi and Xingyi Ge from WIV, in cooperation with
University of North Carolina
whiov = Wuhan Institute of Virology; CAS = Chinese Academy of Sciences
Research Progress
Will SARS come back?
Date 04-12-2015
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores
the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in
humans.
Recently, Prof. Zhengli Shi and Xingyi Ge from WIV, in cooperation with
researchers from University of North Carolina, Harvard Medical School,
Bellinzona Institute of Microbiology and etc, examine the disease
potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently
circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations. Using the SARS-CoV
reverse genetics system, the scientists generated and characterized a
chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a
mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b
viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can
efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human
angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in
primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to
epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Evaluation of available SARS-based
immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy;
both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and
protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein.
On the basis of these findings, they synthetically re-derived an
infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust
viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. The work suggests a
potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently
circulating in bat populations.
Source: Nature Medicine doi:10.1038/nm.3985
Nat Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 Jun 1. Published in
final edited form as: Nat Med. 2015 Dec; 21(12): 1508–1513.
Published online 2015 Nov 9. doi: 10.1038/nm.3985 PMCID: PMC4797993
NIHMSID: NIHMS766724 PMID: 26552008
SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronavirus pose threat for human
emergence Vineet D. Menachery, 1 Boyd L. Yount, Jr,1 Kari Debbink, 1,2
Sudhakar Agnihothram, 3 Lisa E. Gralinski, 1 Jessica A. Plante, 1 Rachel
L. Graham, 1 Trevor Scobey, 1 Xing-Yi Ge, 8 Eric F. Donaldson, 1 Scott
H. Randell, 4,5 Antonio Lanzavecchia, 6 Wayne A. Marasco, 7 Zhengli-Li
Shi, 8 and Ralph S. Baric 1,2
(6) The spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV contains a cleavage absent in
CoV - showing that it was engineered rather than evolved
Antiviral Research
The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a
furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade
B.Coutard, C.Valle, X.de Lamballerie, B.Canard, N.G.Seidah, E.Decroly
== also see this youtube:
Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (Covid-19) -- Special Weekend Edition? -- J.C.
on a bike! (#0045)
16 Feb 2020
(7) Asians show a similar ACE2 expression to other races; => Virus will
affect all races
Asians and other races express similar levels of and share the same
genetic polymorphisms of the SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry receptor
Ying Chen1,2, Kejia Shan1,2,3, and Wenfeng Qian1,2,,3*
1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and
Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and
Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,
China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
* Correspondence to:
Wenfeng Qian
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of
Sciences Beijing 100101, China
Email: wfqian@genetics.ac.cn
ABSTRACT
The recurrent coronavirus outbreaks in China (SARS-CoV and its relative,
SARS-CoV-2) raise the possibility that Asians are more susceptible to
coronavirus. Here, we test this possibility with the lung expression of
ACE2, which encodes the cell-entry receptor of both SARS-CoV and
SARS-CoV-2. We show that ACE2 expression is not affected during
tumorigenesis, suggesting that the transcriptome data from the more than
1000 lung cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) can be used
to study ACE2 expression among people without cancer. The expression of
ACE2 increases with age, but is not associated with sex. Asians show a
similar ACE2 expression to other races. Furthermore, the frequencies of
ACE2 alleles in Asians are not significantly deviated from those in
other races. These observations indicate that individuals of all races
need the same level of personal protection against SARS-CoV-2.
(8) Wuhan Institute of Virology reports 'Discovery of a rich gene pool
of bat SARS-related coronaviruses' (Nov 2017)
Nearly all of these authors are from Wuhan Institute of Virology (=WIV).
CAS = Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Zheng-Li Shi is listed as having the role of "Project administration,
Supervision".
Peter Daszak, an American, is listed as having the roles of "Funding
acquisition, Writing – review & editing".
Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides
new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus
Ben Hu , Lei-Ping Zeng , Xing-Lou Yang , Xing-Yi Ge, Wei Zhang, Bei Li,
Jia-Zheng Xie, Xu-Rui Shen, Yun-Zhi Zhang, Ning Wang, Dong-Sheng Luo,
Xiao-Shuang Zheng, Mei-Niang Wang, [ ... ], Zheng-Li Shi [ view all ]
Published: PLOS | Public Library of Science
November 30, 2017
About the Authors
Ben Hu Contributed equally to this work with: Ben Hu, Lei-Ping Zeng,
Xing-Lou Yang
ROLES Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation,
Visualization, Writing – original draft
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Lei-Ping Zeng Contributed equally to this work with: Ben Hu, Lei-Ping
Zeng, Xing-Lou Yang
ROLES Investigation, Methodology
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Xing-Lou Yang Contributed equally to this work with: Ben Hu, Lei-Ping
Zeng, Xing-Lou Yang
ROLES Investigation, Resources
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Xing-Yi Ge
ROLES Formal analysis, Resources
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Wei Zhang
ROLES Investigation
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Bei Li
ROLES Investigation
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Jia-Zheng Xie
ROLES Investigation
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Xu-Rui Shen
ROLES Investigation
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Yun-Zhi Zhang
ROLES Resources
AFFILIATIONS Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and
Prevention, Dali, China, Dali University, Dali, China
Ning Wang
ROLES Investigation
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Dong-Sheng Luo
ROLES Investigation, Resources
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Xiao-Shuang Zheng
ROLES Investigation
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Mei-Niang Wang
ROLES Resources
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Peter Daszak
ROLES Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing
AFFILIATION EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
Lin-Fa Wang
ROLES Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing
AFFILIATION Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical
School, Singapore
Jie Cui
ROLES Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Software,
Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: jiecui@wh.iov.cn (JC); zlshi@wh.iov.cn (Z-LS)
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Zheng-Li Shi
ROLES Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project
administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: jiecui@wh.iov.cn (JC); zlshi@wh.iov.cn (Z-LS)
AFFILIATION CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Competing Interests The authors have declared that no competing
interests exist.
(9) Professor Shi Zhengli is Director of the P4 lab at Wuhan Institute
of Virology
Prof. SHI Zhengli elected a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology
Date 08-03-2019
{see her photo}
On Jan 28, the American Academy of Microbiology elected 109 new Fellows
in 2019. The "Class of 2019" represents fellows from China, the U.S.,
France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Israel, Korea, and etc. Prof. SHI
Zhengli from Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), Chinese Academy of
Sciences (CAS) has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of
Microbiology.
Prof. SHI is the Director of the Center of Emerging Infectious Diseases
at WIV, Director of the Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and
Biosafety of CAS, and the Editor-in-Chief of Virologica Sinica. She
received her Ph.D from Montpellier University II, France, in 2000.
Her researches focus on molecular epidemiology and interspecies
infection mechanism of emerging viruses of zoonotic origin especially
those from bats. She has made distinguished and pioneering achievement
in discovery and characterization of important bat-borne viruses. She
identified the bat origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
and has made crucial contributions to prevention and control of zoonotic
emerging infectious disease in China. She had got over 120 publications
including research articles on high-impact journals Science, Nature,
Cell Host & Microbe, PLoS Pathogens, etc. She won the first prize of
Natural Science Award of Hubei Province in 2017 and the second prize of
National Natural Science Award in 2018.
How Many Cases Of Covid-19 Will It Take For You To Decide Not To
Frequent Public Places?
Tue, 02/25/2020 - 20:05
Authored by Charles Hugh Smith via OfTwoMinds blog,
As empty streets and shelves attest, people taking charge of risk has
dire economic consequences.
How many cases of Covid-19 in your community will it take for you to
decide not to frequent public places such as cafes, restaurants,
theaters, concerts, etc? How many cases in your community will it take
for you to decide not to take public transit, Uber/Lyft rides, etc.? How
many cases in your community will it take for you to limit going to
supermarkets and ask your boss to work at home?
One of the most unexamined aspect of the Covid-19 pandemic is the human
psychology of risk assessment and fear. The default human response to
novel threats such as the Covid-19 virus is denial and abstraction: it
can't happen here, it won't happen to me, it's no big deal, etc.
This careless denial of danger and urgency characterized the official
response in China before the epidemic exploded and it characterizes the
lackadaisical sloppiness of official response in the U.S.: few
facilities have test kits, thousands of people who arrived on U.S. soil
on direct flights from Wuhan have not been tested, confirmed carriers
have been placed on flights with uninfected people, and the city of
Costa Mesa, CA had to file a lawsuit to stop federal agencies from
transferring confirmed carriers to dilapidated facilities that are
incompatible with thorough quarantine protocols.
This lackadaisical sloppiness didn't hinder the spread of the virus in
China and it won't hinder it in the U.S. That means each of us will
eventually have to make our own risk assessments and decide to modify
our routines and behaviors or not. [...]
Once a consequential number of people decide to avoid public places and
gatherings, streets become empty and all the businesses that depend on
optional public mixing--cafes, bistros, restaurants, theaters, music
venues, stadiums, etc. etc. etc.-- dry up and blow away, even if
officials maintain their careless denial of danger and urgency.
All the jobs in this vast service sector will suddenly be at risk, along
with the survival of thousands of small businesses, many of which do not
have the resources to survive weeks, much less months, of a sharp
decline in business.
All the official reassurances won't be worth a bucket of warm spit.
After being assured the risk of the virus spreading in North America was
"low," the arrival of the virus will destroy trust in official
assurances. People will awaken to the need to control their own risk
factors themselves. And as empty streets and shelves attest, people
taking charge of risk has dire economic consequences.
(7) Most countries don't have the resources and health care systems to
fight a global pandemic
The Grim Reality About Pandemics They Don't Want You To Know: "No
Country Is Prepared"
Tue, 02/25/2020 - 19:35
Authored by Sara Tipton via ReadyNutrition.com,
It’s been 100 years since the Spanish Flu caused a global pandemic.
While the WHO would like you to rest easy right now given their belief
that Covid-19 is not currently a global pandemic threat, it is just a
matter of time before they admit it's true. And when that day does
arrive, "scientists say an outbreak of a flu-like illness could sweep
across the planet in 36 hours and kill tens of millions due to our
constantly-traveling population." ...
Out of the entire world, a mere 13 countries had resources and health
care systems to put up a fight against a global pandemic. Among the
countries ranked in the top tier were Britain, the United States,
Australia, Canada, France, and Holland. ...
Preparations start at home
So just how do we prepare for a possible pandemic? A big concern with
pandemics is that supplies would be quickly exhausted leaving many
unprepared to handle the ordeal. This will only fuel a more chaotic
situation. These concerns are not new to most governments and steps have
been taken to ensure communities are prepared and are able to contain
most epidemics.
Which such a large-scale emergency, it is difficult to know where to
start and the best answer this author can give you is to start at home.
We can’t control if or when governments decide to prepare, but we can
control when and what we, as individuals need to protect our families.
This a suggested list of supplies to help you combat a pandemic based on
the best-selling book, The Prepper’s Blueprint. The preparedness manual
offers real-world advice for preppers of all levels and stages to help
gear up for a pandemic.
The following is a list of pandemic supplies for your home:
One month supply of emergency foods that require no refrigeration.
Store 1 gallon of water per person per day, in clean plastic
containers. Avoid using containers that will decompose or break, such as
milk cartons or glass bottles.
Plastic sheeting
2-3 small wastebasket or a bucket lined with a plastic garbage bag
(to dispose of clothing, soiled supplies, etc.)
Gallon-sized zip-loc bags
Portable toilet with disposable liners
Supply of nonprescription drugs and pain relievers
Cold medicines and decongestants
Stomach remedies
Duct tape
Anti-diarrheal medication
Essential oils
Vitamins that have immune-boosting enhancers
Fluids with electrolytes
Bleach or disinfectant
Soap
Tissues
Garbage bags to collect soiled clothing and bedding before they are
washed.
A thermometer
Protective eye gear and/or face shield
nitrile gloves
Tyvek protective suit and shoe covers
Disposable cleaning gloves (in quantity)
Hand wipes
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers or homemade hand sanitizer supplies
Protective clothing
Disposable aprons or smocks (at least 2 cases)
Duct tape for sealing off doorways and vents
Disposable nitrile gloves (2-3 boxes)
Garbage bags
N95 masks or N100 respirator masks for use when the sick person is
coughing or sneezing (can be purchased at hardware stores and some
drugstores)
425 Billion Reasons why WHO refuses to call the Covid-19 outbreak a
"Pandemic"
Here Are The 425 Billion Reasons Why WHO Refuses To Call The Covid-19
Outbreak A "Pandemic"
by Tyler Durden
Tue, 02/25/2020 - 15:30
The World Bank launched a $425 million 2017 catastrophe bond issue
supporting its Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (PEF). There are
two tranches of PEF bonds outstanding, expected to mature in July, and
this means investors of the bonds will collect massive profits if the
bonds aren't triggered or will lose everything if the Covid-19 outbreak
continues to escalate.
It's becoming increasingly apparent why the World Health Organization
(WHO) has had a difficult time calling Covid-19 outbreak a "pandemic,"
this is because it would cause both bonds to trigger, effectively wiping
out bondholders.
The World Bank issued two tranches of PEF bonds worth $425 million in
2017. Bondholders have seen two years of above-average returns with no
concern of virus outbreaks around the world that would trigger even the
slightest hint both bonds would go into default, until now.
The Covid-19 outbreak in China, spreading across 38 countries and
infecting more than 80,000 people, resulting in 2,700 deaths, could
leave investors of the bonds with absolutely nothing.
Class A bonds were issued in the amount of $225 million, with a payout
of 6.9% annually. The bonds default if a pandemic is identified, and
deaths reach over 2,500 in one particular country with an additional 20
deaths in another, the prospectus states.
Class B bonds were issued in the amount of $95 million, with a payout of
11.5% annually but had a much lower trigger level of deaths, versus
Class A, hence the high yield.
Bloomberg spoke with several investors who own the bonds. The
unidentified people said the bonds aren't quoted on public exchanges.
If the bonds are triggered, it would be determined by Boston-based
private company AIR Worldwide Corporation.
The investors said Class B bonds are trading at 60 cents and 70 cents on
the dollar, mostly because of the Covid-19 outbreak.
The investor stressed the quoting of the bond isn't public information
and wanted to remain anonymous, adding that the large tranche, Class A
is trading a little under face value.
The bonds were issued to support the World Bank's PEF, and would only be
triggered if certain criteria of a pandemic were met. If triggered, the
bondholders would lose their money, the funds would be transferred to
developing countries to fight the virus. To date, the bonds have yet to
be triggered, as it's increasingly becoming obvious that the WHO may
stall calling Covid-19 outbreak a "pandemic" until after the bonds
mature in July.
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